What if you have the ability to travel back in the past then what do you want to do? Well, if I will this question my answer would just be sightseeing. If I have that ability to fly back into the past I would like to witness the evolution of technology and its effects in the society from yesterday until the present time. It is because technology is a very important thing to all of us. In addition to that the past displays that as soon as a new technology is introduced to the society, the society changes. That is one thing I wanted to witness in the ancient times for the reason that technology has been a great help to us, to everyone. We gain a lot of benefits from it. For example, it has improved every countries economy, improved our lives, and a lot more.
From an article it cited in The Impact of Technology on Society that James Burke, Connections states, “. . . the moment man first picked up a stone or a branch to use as a tool, he altered irrevocably the balance between him and his environment. From this point on, the way in which the world around him changed was different. It was no longer regular or predictable. New objects appeared that were not recognizable as a mutation of something that had existed before, and as each one emerged it altered the environment not for a season but for ever. While the number of these tools remained small, their effect took a long time to spread and to cause change. But as they increased, so did their effects: the more the tools, the faster the rate of change."
We already knew that technology has been part of our daily living. Wherever we go we see and we use technology. The importance of technology has been recognized by man way back in the ancient times. It has become a part of our system. Its evolution has helped us perk up our lives. And the progress of technology had built a conduit between man and nature. (Wikipedia, 2008) delineates technology as a broad concept that deals with an animal species’ usage and knowledge of tools and crafts, and how it affects an animal species’ ability to control and adapt to its environment. The man’s usage of technology started with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools.
Our ancestors have developed different technologies for their day by day living. It has been difficult to them to live at ease without any tools to use. That is why they created technologies to make their lives easier, as a way out to their dilemma. In addition, they have developed an assortment of technologies that led us to what we make use of in the present day. For the reasons that, according to the Wikipedia (2008) were it states that technology enables greater knowledge of international issues, values, and cultures. This is due mostly to mass transportation and mass media, the world seems to be a much smaller place, and due to the following, among others: globalization of ideas, firstly, then the embeddedness of values, the growth of population and control, and many others
The presence of technology had a definite effect to ones society. According to (Wikipedia, 2008) that technology has helped develop more advance economies and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. In addition to that the implementations of technology influence the values of a society and new technology often raises new ethical questions. It is the rise of conception of efficiency in terms of human productivity. And lastly, the technological processes produce unwanted by-products such as pollution, and deplete natural resources to the detriment of the Earth and its environment.
The technology and society had a synergistic relationship. This relationship occurred long time ago. The bloom of this relationship is from the invention of simple tools until it continuous development (continues until modern technologies) that we using today. If I were to give an example of a technology to present the effect of it to the society is the mobile phone. Human had wondered how to improve communication. They are curious on how to talk to their special someone from a far away place. Before, the communication takes a long time. They use a messenger to relay the message from one person to another person where the distance between the two (the sender and the receiver) is seven mountains apart. And then, as time flies by, the communication evolved, from mailing of letter to telegram to phone. People are always wondering how to make communication faster and better. With this mentality of man had led us to the development of mobile phone. The development of mobile phone had a great influence in the society and the way people live their daily life. Still man is still wondering for improvements to communication.
Technology had encouraged the development of more elaborate economies. It has said that technology is inseparable to human society and every implementation of technology influences the values of a society by changing the expectations and realities. According to the Wikipedia (2008) that there are three major values that is affected with technological innovations: the mechanical world view, efficiency and social progress as stated by McGinn (1991). This is for the reason that in every implementation of new technology there is nothing that cannot be understood by human intelligence. Human is very adaptable. And also man is always expecting for a higher and higher percentage of output, ability or performance so that man develops machines that are efficient and could reach this expectations. In addition to that, man developed technologies to make their lives easier. And with this there is a social progress between people and this is the beneficent, kind or generous thing that man could gain from it.
The development of technology simplifies our life. It gives rise of a leisure class. An informed society can make quicker responses to events and trends. Technology sets more complex learning tasks and increases multi-tasking. It offers greater specialization in jobs and it also offers cheaper prices. The above mentioned are the benefits we gain from new innovations but in some ways technology complicates our lives. For example, pollution and structural unemployment that is according to Wikipedia (2008).
Technologies have had a great effect to every society. There have been huge demands for competent people that are knowledgeable to technology. Or people who have the skills. But unfortunately in the Philippines though our country is adapting to the fast changing world when it comes to technology is having a problem regarding to the production of competent people who has the right skills. With this the Philippine government is looking for ways to address this matter. In order to produce globally competent and skilled workers they introduced a ladderized curriculum that matches the other countries’ standards probably the American standard. It is implemented to every school, universities and other institutions whose goals are to produce technically skilled graduates. It will serve as a guide of what should be taught and as a guide of what are the needed skills outside or inside the country.
Time by time the innovations regarding technology evolves. There is a continuous advancement of these technologies. These advanced technologies are what the big or small companies use or adapts. These rapid changes in technology also make them ask for skilled people. The hiring and accepting of new employees should be modernized where the advancement of technology is utilized well. The companies’ acceptance or the hiring of an employee should go to a thorough training so that it could meet the demands.
Wherever you look at technology is always present. In every company, their have been a competition and technology has played a significant role in it. They may not take a glance of it before but however they had taken a notice the importance of technology to their success. That goes the same to government. No one had expected that the technology would have a huge impact to our society as wide as this. Producing people with competency through trainings and ladderized curriculum. The advancement of the technology pushes every company to be more creative in maximizing technology as well as the available resources.
The Philippines had embraced the evolution of technology and had make use of it. Their have a big demands of technology skilled people. The world is need of these kinds of people. The country is need of these kinds of people in order to survive these global competitions. Technology is with us even before. Utilizing the availability of resources in the country is the foundation in addressing the countries’ skills in the continuous advancement in technology sectors.
References:
1. Wikipedia (2008). “Technology and Society.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_and_society [accessed 15 December 2008]
2. Wikipedia (2008). “Technology.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology [accessed 16 December 2008]
3. The Impact of Technology on Society. http://education.llnl.gov/bep/socsci/a/timpact.html
4. Burke, James. Connections. Boston: Little , Brown, and Co., 1985
5. Burke, James. The Day the Universe Changed. Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1985
Thursday, December 25, 2008
Trust in E-commerce
Trust is just a simple word that is very important to man. Trusting someone and being trusted is something that you can’t be getting in an instance, in a blink of an eye. Trusting it has been a part to human personality that is given and gain by people who are worthy of that trust. The word trust is just a single expression other than with of the essence of importance to humanity. Wherever you go trust is as important as water. And in addition to that, as stated by (Heathfield, 2008) is that according to Dr. Duane C. Tway, Jr. in his 1993 dissertation, A Construct of Trust, "There exists today, no practical construct of Trust that allows us to design and implement organizational interventions to significantly increase trust levels between people. We all think we know what Trust is from our own experience, but we don't know much about how to improve it. Why? I believe it is because we have been taught to look at Trust as if it were a single entity."
Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work (Heathfield, 2008). Trust, it is something that man are seeking to get to everyone. It is the feeling of to be trusted and to trust. It is a very serious possession to mankind. It is a possession that is so valuable. It is as precious as diamond that can not be bought. It is too hard to obtain. It is in the vein of the worth when you join a competition like an amazing race and win. Isn’t the winning price is a very worthy thing to achieve. It is the price that you have worked so hard for. It is something gained that you are worthy to be entrusted of something important. It is just similar to trust. To be able to gain the trust from someone is a very worthy achievement and you have to keep it, maintain it to last.
The importance of trust in mankind is so important. Its essence is as essential as our basic needs. It is like food, like clothing, and like shelter. Once you have it or gain it you will have the feeling of satisfaction for the reason that it is not easy to get hold of. Once you are entrusted by a person in its trust you have to keep that trust, maintain it. But, on the other hand, once this trust once is broke it would create a big problem. It is the same as living in hell. In addition to that, if ever you broke a person’s trust, it won’t do well to you. And also if you want to win it back would be hard. To illustrate, it just like the song by Parokya ni Edgar. In their song it states in comparison that trust and chocolate. It says that when a chocolate melts it would be hard to remold it into its original form just like the trust that once broke it is hard to gain it back.
Trust is a state of mind that is difficult or impossible to measure (Ciscoetl, 2008). Just looking to your surroundings trust is a vital thing to all. Any where you look trust is always there. Within your family trust is an important thing that gets a hold to keep the whole family together. Once this trust to each other is lost then the presence of love and peace in the family will fade away in grey. Fighting and hatred will reign in the family. Friendship, trust is also important to keep this friendship last. If the trust within friends is lost probably your best friend will be you greatest enemy.
No single person would want to lose the trust that they worked so hard for to obtain, right? In every aspect of our lives trust is very essential. Even in businesses, trust is also important in the success of an industry, in electronic commerce. In addition to that, in business it is important because it gives you the sense of security about a trusted party (Building E-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles). If trust does not exist then you cannot gain customers. But why is that so? (Bloomgarden, Trust: The Secret Weapon of Effective Business Leaders) states that trust plays an important role in a business’s corporate strategy because trust brings into vivid focus the characteristics that make today’s leaders successful, and the principles and techniques they use to earn the confidence of employees, colleagues, customers and the public.
In addition to that importance of trust is as stated in (E-Commerce Relationships, 2005) that there are wide range of benefits of trust in electronic commerce and those are lowering transaction costs (Gulati, 1995), promoting desirable behaviors, reducing the extent of formal contracts, and facilitating dispute resolutions (Ring & Van de Ven, 1994). Thus, a strong establishment of trust is very vital for the success of a business in particular to those who are engaged in electronic commerce.
According to (E-Commerce Relationship, 2005), it states that in electronic commerce trust has its two forms: the first form is trust in technology relating to institutional structural assurances and security mechanisms embedded in electronic commerce technologies and relationship trust referring to trading partners competent, predictability, reliability and benevolence in the electronic commerce relationship.
In addition to the statement stated above, as stated by (Doyle & Melanson, 2001; Hoffman et al., 1999; Jarvenpaa et al., 2000; Narayandas, Caravella & Deighton, 2002) that trust plays a significant role in electronic commerce because of the following reasons: anonymity, lack of control, lack of physical proximity, potential opportunism, and inefficiencies in web technology (E-Commerce Relationship, 2005).
Faith, Belief, and Hope are synonymous to the word trust. Gaining loyal customers is impossible if trust is not gained. To trust is to give hope. To trust is to have faith. To trust is to give hope. But in order for us to understand the importance of trust in electronic commerce is that to have knowledge in four areas. According to (Building e-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles) these areas that are needed to understand the importance of trust are Internet, electronic commerce, web design, electronic commerce trust and usability. For better understanding, in addition to that, it explains that Internet is the fastest growing mediums in the world and thus, the success f it makes it indispensable for companies to have an online presence. And with the rapid growth of Internet and as it gain popularity among the people around the globe it makes the distances between people shorter and makes the market competitions to be global.
In addition to that areas in the importance of trust to electronic commerce is because electronic commerce is an integral part of electronic business (or e-business) in which it involves buying and selling of goods and services by the use of electronic means. And because of this it gives an option to consumers to shop online (or cross shopping).
To gain the trust of your consumers is the web design. To define, web design is the process of developing a website which is in accordance to pre-set codes. Websites, consumers use electronic commerce websites because they wanted convenience and ease in its usage thus, when designing it websites should be simple, clear, easy and transparent. Other than that consumers wanted to feel assured that the information they submitted are safe. And in order for them feel that their information is secured, according to (Enge, 2007) that putting a HackerSafe service logo on your electronic commerce website assures the consumer (or business-to-business customer) that the information submitted in the electronic commerce website is protected from hackers.
In addition, according to the article “Building E-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles” is that there are factors that increase the level of trust in electronic commerce. And those are through the increase in experience with the Internet, increase of numbers of hour’s online, use the web for financial services, and lastly, significantly relying on electronic mail. But the most important to gain trust is the facilitating the buying process of customers as much as possible.
The trust has ad been a vital role business more specifically in electronic commerce because from the word of (Heathfield, 2008) says that from additional research by Tway and others shows that trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your work place. And trust is the necessary precursor for the following: feeling able to rely upon a person, cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, taking thoughtful risks, and experiencing believable communication.
The importance of trust has been significantly seen on how security measures are implemented. Having a strong security on your websites will invite consumers or give an impression that your electronic commerce website is worthy of their trust. But, on the other hand, there is an article (The Importance of Trust in the eCommerce Segment, 2007) that I read regarding the importance of trust in electronic commerce that the cause of purchase hesitation by the consumers to without national or well-known trusted brands is because of the lack of consumer confidence. It is because data security is always a threat, mediocre merchant performance consistently and overwhelming represents the greatest risk to online shoppers and so, for them to be able gain the trust of consumers to support their products and services through lowering of prices. To win the hearts of the consumers is through price. It is said that price is the most important factor in a buyer’s decision to make a purchase online or not. In the present day, we could see that there are lots of consumers who do their transactions electronically, mostly through the use of internet. Try visiting some of websites we could see that if you compare the prices or the total expenses doing a transaction through internet and through a manual process (or the normal process) you could come up with the conclusion that the consumers are assured that doing transaction online is much of its advantage on their part. Therefore, the implementation of strong security measures in your website will be a great help to you in order for you to gain your consumer’s trust. And in addition to that it is a vital thing that you implement security strictly, gain the trust of your consumers so that you business will keep running.
Trust is just a simple word. It is already on us. We could trust the people if you wanted to. It is a choice. In our everyday life trust is vital possession to us. It is gained and it could be given. The word trust is all around us. It is always with us. Where ever we go and whatever we do trust is there. It lives within us. We could see trust in our family, friends, and work and even in the success of a business. Trust plays an important role to everything we do; to each one of us.
References:
1. Gulati, R. (1995). "Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances." Academy of Management Journal, (3Cool 1, 85-112
2. Ring, P.S. & Van de Ven, A.H. (1994). "Developing processes of cooperative inter-organizational relationships" Academy of Management Review, 19, 90-118.
3. E-Commerce Relationships: The Impact of Trust on Relationship Continuity. (2005). International Journal of Commerce and Management. March 1, 2005, from http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-23916/E-commerce-relationships-the-impact.html
4. Building E-CommerceTrust Applying Usability Principles. http://www.nicoladeproft.be/pages/ecommercetrust/conclusion.html
5. The Importance of Trust in the eCommerce Segment (2007). eCommerce Time. June 24, 2007 from http://www.ecommercenews.org/e-commerce-news-010/0274-062907-ecommerce-news.html
6. Ciscoetl (2008). "How Important is Trust, Really?" from http://ciscoetl.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/how-important-is-trust-really/
7. Doyle, T., & Melanson, J. (2001). "Business to business web exchanges: Easier hyped than done." Journal of Business Strategy, (22) 3, 10-13.
8. Hoffman, D.L., Novak, T.P., & Peralta, M. (1999). "Association for computing machinery." Communications of the ACM, 42, 80-85.
9. Narayandas, D., Caravella, M., & Deighton, J. (2002). "The impact of internet exchanges on B2B distribution." Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, (30) 4, 500-505.
10. Jarvenpaa, S.L., Tractinsky, N., & Vitale, M. (2000). "Consumer trust in an Internet store. Information Technology and Management", 1, 45-71.
11. Heathfield, Susan M. (2008). "Trust Rules: The Most Important Secret Abut Trust What is Trust?" New York Times from http://humanresources.about.com/od/workrelationships/a/trust_rules.htm
12. Bloomgarden, Kathy. "Trust: The Secret Weapon of Effective Business Leaders." from http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?r=1&ISBN=9780312349844&ourl=Trust%2FKathy-Bloomgarden#TABS
13. Enge, Eric (2007). "The Role of Trust in E-Commerce Sales." July 11, 2007, from http://searchenginewatch.com/3626363
Trust forms the foundation for effective communication, employee retention, and employee motivation and contribution of discretionary energy, the extra effort that people voluntarily invest in work (Heathfield, 2008). Trust, it is something that man are seeking to get to everyone. It is the feeling of to be trusted and to trust. It is a very serious possession to mankind. It is a possession that is so valuable. It is as precious as diamond that can not be bought. It is too hard to obtain. It is in the vein of the worth when you join a competition like an amazing race and win. Isn’t the winning price is a very worthy thing to achieve. It is the price that you have worked so hard for. It is something gained that you are worthy to be entrusted of something important. It is just similar to trust. To be able to gain the trust from someone is a very worthy achievement and you have to keep it, maintain it to last.
The importance of trust in mankind is so important. Its essence is as essential as our basic needs. It is like food, like clothing, and like shelter. Once you have it or gain it you will have the feeling of satisfaction for the reason that it is not easy to get hold of. Once you are entrusted by a person in its trust you have to keep that trust, maintain it. But, on the other hand, once this trust once is broke it would create a big problem. It is the same as living in hell. In addition to that, if ever you broke a person’s trust, it won’t do well to you. And also if you want to win it back would be hard. To illustrate, it just like the song by Parokya ni Edgar. In their song it states in comparison that trust and chocolate. It says that when a chocolate melts it would be hard to remold it into its original form just like the trust that once broke it is hard to gain it back.
Trust is a state of mind that is difficult or impossible to measure (Ciscoetl, 2008). Just looking to your surroundings trust is a vital thing to all. Any where you look trust is always there. Within your family trust is an important thing that gets a hold to keep the whole family together. Once this trust to each other is lost then the presence of love and peace in the family will fade away in grey. Fighting and hatred will reign in the family. Friendship, trust is also important to keep this friendship last. If the trust within friends is lost probably your best friend will be you greatest enemy.
No single person would want to lose the trust that they worked so hard for to obtain, right? In every aspect of our lives trust is very essential. Even in businesses, trust is also important in the success of an industry, in electronic commerce. In addition to that, in business it is important because it gives you the sense of security about a trusted party (Building E-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles). If trust does not exist then you cannot gain customers. But why is that so? (Bloomgarden, Trust: The Secret Weapon of Effective Business Leaders) states that trust plays an important role in a business’s corporate strategy because trust brings into vivid focus the characteristics that make today’s leaders successful, and the principles and techniques they use to earn the confidence of employees, colleagues, customers and the public.
In addition to that importance of trust is as stated in (E-Commerce Relationships, 2005) that there are wide range of benefits of trust in electronic commerce and those are lowering transaction costs (Gulati, 1995), promoting desirable behaviors, reducing the extent of formal contracts, and facilitating dispute resolutions (Ring & Van de Ven, 1994). Thus, a strong establishment of trust is very vital for the success of a business in particular to those who are engaged in electronic commerce.
According to (E-Commerce Relationship, 2005), it states that in electronic commerce trust has its two forms: the first form is trust in technology relating to institutional structural assurances and security mechanisms embedded in electronic commerce technologies and relationship trust referring to trading partners competent, predictability, reliability and benevolence in the electronic commerce relationship.
In addition to the statement stated above, as stated by (Doyle & Melanson, 2001; Hoffman et al., 1999; Jarvenpaa et al., 2000; Narayandas, Caravella & Deighton, 2002) that trust plays a significant role in electronic commerce because of the following reasons: anonymity, lack of control, lack of physical proximity, potential opportunism, and inefficiencies in web technology (E-Commerce Relationship, 2005).
Faith, Belief, and Hope are synonymous to the word trust. Gaining loyal customers is impossible if trust is not gained. To trust is to give hope. To trust is to have faith. To trust is to give hope. But in order for us to understand the importance of trust in electronic commerce is that to have knowledge in four areas. According to (Building e-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles) these areas that are needed to understand the importance of trust are Internet, electronic commerce, web design, electronic commerce trust and usability. For better understanding, in addition to that, it explains that Internet is the fastest growing mediums in the world and thus, the success f it makes it indispensable for companies to have an online presence. And with the rapid growth of Internet and as it gain popularity among the people around the globe it makes the distances between people shorter and makes the market competitions to be global.
In addition to that areas in the importance of trust to electronic commerce is because electronic commerce is an integral part of electronic business (or e-business) in which it involves buying and selling of goods and services by the use of electronic means. And because of this it gives an option to consumers to shop online (or cross shopping).
To gain the trust of your consumers is the web design. To define, web design is the process of developing a website which is in accordance to pre-set codes. Websites, consumers use electronic commerce websites because they wanted convenience and ease in its usage thus, when designing it websites should be simple, clear, easy and transparent. Other than that consumers wanted to feel assured that the information they submitted are safe. And in order for them feel that their information is secured, according to (Enge, 2007) that putting a HackerSafe service logo on your electronic commerce website assures the consumer (or business-to-business customer) that the information submitted in the electronic commerce website is protected from hackers.
In addition, according to the article “Building E-Commerce Trust Applying Usability Principles” is that there are factors that increase the level of trust in electronic commerce. And those are through the increase in experience with the Internet, increase of numbers of hour’s online, use the web for financial services, and lastly, significantly relying on electronic mail. But the most important to gain trust is the facilitating the buying process of customers as much as possible.
The trust has ad been a vital role business more specifically in electronic commerce because from the word of (Heathfield, 2008) says that from additional research by Tway and others shows that trust is the basis for much of the environment you want to create in your work place. And trust is the necessary precursor for the following: feeling able to rely upon a person, cooperating with and experiencing teamwork with a group, taking thoughtful risks, and experiencing believable communication.
The importance of trust has been significantly seen on how security measures are implemented. Having a strong security on your websites will invite consumers or give an impression that your electronic commerce website is worthy of their trust. But, on the other hand, there is an article (The Importance of Trust in the eCommerce Segment, 2007) that I read regarding the importance of trust in electronic commerce that the cause of purchase hesitation by the consumers to without national or well-known trusted brands is because of the lack of consumer confidence. It is because data security is always a threat, mediocre merchant performance consistently and overwhelming represents the greatest risk to online shoppers and so, for them to be able gain the trust of consumers to support their products and services through lowering of prices. To win the hearts of the consumers is through price. It is said that price is the most important factor in a buyer’s decision to make a purchase online or not. In the present day, we could see that there are lots of consumers who do their transactions electronically, mostly through the use of internet. Try visiting some of websites we could see that if you compare the prices or the total expenses doing a transaction through internet and through a manual process (or the normal process) you could come up with the conclusion that the consumers are assured that doing transaction online is much of its advantage on their part. Therefore, the implementation of strong security measures in your website will be a great help to you in order for you to gain your consumer’s trust. And in addition to that it is a vital thing that you implement security strictly, gain the trust of your consumers so that you business will keep running.
Trust is just a simple word. It is already on us. We could trust the people if you wanted to. It is a choice. In our everyday life trust is vital possession to us. It is gained and it could be given. The word trust is all around us. It is always with us. Where ever we go and whatever we do trust is there. It lives within us. We could see trust in our family, friends, and work and even in the success of a business. Trust plays an important role to everything we do; to each one of us.
References:
1. Gulati, R. (1995). "Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances." Academy of Management Journal, (3Cool 1, 85-112
2. Ring, P.S. & Van de Ven, A.H. (1994). "Developing processes of cooperative inter-organizational relationships" Academy of Management Review, 19, 90-118.
3. E-Commerce Relationships: The Impact of Trust on Relationship Continuity. (2005). International Journal of Commerce and Management. March 1, 2005, from http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0198-23916/E-commerce-relationships-the-impact.html
4. Building E-CommerceTrust Applying Usability Principles. http://www.nicoladeproft.be/pages/ecommercetrust/conclusion.html
5. The Importance of Trust in the eCommerce Segment (2007). eCommerce Time. June 24, 2007 from http://www.ecommercenews.org/e-commerce-news-010/0274-062907-ecommerce-news.html
6. Ciscoetl (2008). "How Important is Trust, Really?" from http://ciscoetl.wordpress.com/2008/02/27/how-important-is-trust-really/
7. Doyle, T., & Melanson, J. (2001). "Business to business web exchanges: Easier hyped than done." Journal of Business Strategy, (22) 3, 10-13.
8. Hoffman, D.L., Novak, T.P., & Peralta, M. (1999). "Association for computing machinery." Communications of the ACM, 42, 80-85.
9. Narayandas, D., Caravella, M., & Deighton, J. (2002). "The impact of internet exchanges on B2B distribution." Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, (30) 4, 500-505.
10. Jarvenpaa, S.L., Tractinsky, N., & Vitale, M. (2000). "Consumer trust in an Internet store. Information Technology and Management", 1, 45-71.
11. Heathfield, Susan M. (2008). "Trust Rules: The Most Important Secret Abut Trust What is Trust?" New York Times from http://humanresources.about.com/od/workrelationships/a/trust_rules.htm
12. Bloomgarden, Kathy. "Trust: The Secret Weapon of Effective Business Leaders." from http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?r=1&ISBN=9780312349844&ourl=Trust%2FKathy-Bloomgarden#TABS
13. Enge, Eric (2007). "The Role of Trust in E-Commerce Sales." July 11, 2007, from http://searchenginewatch.com/3626363
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