Haptic Guidance Improves the Visou-Manual Tracking of Trajectories
The proponents of this study found out that “the addition of haptic information, probably encoded in force coordinates, plays a crucial role on the visou-manual tracking of new trajectories” [1].
The achievement in performing new movements is learned through visual demonstrations. The proponents’ evaluated three training techniques of haptic guidance, the HGP (Haptic Guidance in Position), HGF (Haptic Guidance in Force, and NHG (without Haptic Guidance). They conducted an assessment in the dynamic time warping (shape matching), number of velocity peaks, and mean velocity before and after the training session to examine if there is an improvement in the performance.
Using the PHANToM™ Omni device (Sensible Technology) which serves as a pen and a simple flat screen, as a paper they performed their two experiments where experiment 1 consist of two Arabic and two Japanese-inspired letters while experiment 2 consist of ellipses. And thus gave them a result that HGF improves the fluency of the visou-manual tracking of trajectories while there is no significant improvement was found for HGP/NHG.
Citations:
1. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0001775
Antibiotic Innovation May Contribute to Slowing the Dissemination of Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: The Example of Ketolides
Ketolides, as defined in Wikipedia, are antibiotics belonging to the macrolide group. Ketolides are derived from erythromycin by substituting the cladinose sugar with a keto-group and attaching a cyclic carbamate group in the lactone ring [3]. In addition, it constitutes one of the very few new antibiotic classes active against Streptococcus pneumoniae developed during the last 25 years. Their mechanism of action resembles that of macrolides, but they are unaffected by common resistance mechanisms [2]. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. It is also called as pneumococcus, which usually causes lobar pneumonia attacking an entire lobe or portion of a lobe of the lung [1].
In this study the proponents’ objective is to assess the potential dissemination of newly emerged resistance and to control the selection of strains that already multiresistant to existing antimicrobials. By taking an account to 3 different classes (P: penicillin, M: macrolides and K: ketolides), and PCV7. In their experiment, the population was divided into groups according to their age, vaccination status, colonization and antibiotic exposure.
The results of the study could foretell that “in a population with widespread use of PCV7 and rational use of antibiotics, antibiotic innovation that are prescribed to all age groups could have an added impact on multiresistance rates. The more the new drug is prescribed, the slower the multiresistance would diffuse however, the more this new drug is used the faster new mutliresistant pneumococcal strains would be selected” [2].
Citations:
1. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576059/Pneumonia.html#p14
2. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002089
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketolides
Global Considerations in Hierarchical Clustering Reveal Meaningful Patterns in Data
“Clustering is a common unsupervised machine learning procedure, often used for preprocessing, and usually provides a general overview, especially when dealing with large databases. It is classified as non-hierarchical (partitioning) or hierarchical. Hierarchy is a tree-like relationship and is a natural method of organizing data in various domains” [1].
In this study the proponents’ objective is to examine the advantages of involving global approaches in clustering and demonstrates that they can generate meaningful results near the top of the hierarchy. Using three assessment methods were used to find these advantages; node score, level score, and tree score. The methods used will assess the advantages of different algorithms, TDQC (Top-down Quantum Clustering), BU (Bottom-up), TU (Top-down), and Glocal (Global-local).
The proponents’ find out that “although currently rarely used, global approches, in particular, TD or Glocal algorithms, should be considered in the exploratory process of clustering. In general, applying unsupervised clustering methods can leverage the quality of manually-created mapping proteins families. And that it can also provide insights in erroneous and missed annotations” [1].
Citations:
1. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002247
The proponents of this study found out that “the addition of haptic information, probably encoded in force coordinates, plays a crucial role on the visou-manual tracking of new trajectories” [1].
The achievement in performing new movements is learned through visual demonstrations. The proponents’ evaluated three training techniques of haptic guidance, the HGP (Haptic Guidance in Position), HGF (Haptic Guidance in Force, and NHG (without Haptic Guidance). They conducted an assessment in the dynamic time warping (shape matching), number of velocity peaks, and mean velocity before and after the training session to examine if there is an improvement in the performance.
Using the PHANToM™ Omni device (Sensible Technology) which serves as a pen and a simple flat screen, as a paper they performed their two experiments where experiment 1 consist of two Arabic and two Japanese-inspired letters while experiment 2 consist of ellipses. And thus gave them a result that HGF improves the fluency of the visou-manual tracking of trajectories while there is no significant improvement was found for HGP/NHG.
Citations:
1. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0001775
Antibiotic Innovation May Contribute to Slowing the Dissemination of Multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: The Example of Ketolides
Ketolides, as defined in Wikipedia, are antibiotics belonging to the macrolide group. Ketolides are derived from erythromycin by substituting the cladinose sugar with a keto-group and attaching a cyclic carbamate group in the lactone ring [3]. In addition, it constitutes one of the very few new antibiotic classes active against Streptococcus pneumoniae developed during the last 25 years. Their mechanism of action resembles that of macrolides, but they are unaffected by common resistance mechanisms [2]. Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia. It is also called as pneumococcus, which usually causes lobar pneumonia attacking an entire lobe or portion of a lobe of the lung [1].
In this study the proponents’ objective is to assess the potential dissemination of newly emerged resistance and to control the selection of strains that already multiresistant to existing antimicrobials. By taking an account to 3 different classes (P: penicillin, M: macrolides and K: ketolides), and PCV7. In their experiment, the population was divided into groups according to their age, vaccination status, colonization and antibiotic exposure.
The results of the study could foretell that “in a population with widespread use of PCV7 and rational use of antibiotics, antibiotic innovation that are prescribed to all age groups could have an added impact on multiresistance rates. The more the new drug is prescribed, the slower the multiresistance would diffuse however, the more this new drug is used the faster new mutliresistant pneumococcal strains would be selected” [2].
Citations:
1. http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761576059/Pneumonia.html#p14
2. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002089
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketolides
Global Considerations in Hierarchical Clustering Reveal Meaningful Patterns in Data
“Clustering is a common unsupervised machine learning procedure, often used for preprocessing, and usually provides a general overview, especially when dealing with large databases. It is classified as non-hierarchical (partitioning) or hierarchical. Hierarchy is a tree-like relationship and is a natural method of organizing data in various domains” [1].
In this study the proponents’ objective is to examine the advantages of involving global approaches in clustering and demonstrates that they can generate meaningful results near the top of the hierarchy. Using three assessment methods were used to find these advantages; node score, level score, and tree score. The methods used will assess the advantages of different algorithms, TDQC (Top-down Quantum Clustering), BU (Bottom-up), TU (Top-down), and Glocal (Global-local).
The proponents’ find out that “although currently rarely used, global approches, in particular, TD or Glocal algorithms, should be considered in the exploratory process of clustering. In general, applying unsupervised clustering methods can leverage the quality of manually-created mapping proteins families. And that it can also provide insights in erroneous and missed annotations” [1].
Citations:
1. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0002247
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